No single vendor can now drive architectural change in the same way that AT&T was able to do in the past. Telecommunications vendors are able to make incremental improvements within existing frameworks, but major advances in system archite…

connections and reliability of data transfer to the application layer, which is concerned with providing a particular functionality using the network and with the interface to the user.Both technology (equipment and software) suppliers and…

Despite venture capital’s important role in the U.S. innovation system and its many contributions to U.S. leadership in high technology, including telecommunications, its role is not to supply the basic and applied R&D that has fueled many…

Both Asian and European nations are continuing to pursue strategies that exploit perceived U.S. weakness in telecommunications and telecommunications research as a way of improving their competitiveness in telecommunications, as well as in…

it switching was supplemented by, and will likely ultimately be supplanted by, packet switching. For example, telephony is now routinely carried at various places in the network by the Internet (using VoIP) and cable networks. Just as the …

Explore future needs for R&D centers and shared facilities to complement distributed, project-based research. There are a number of research problems whose investigation might ultimately require centers or shared facilities. For example, c…

The structure of the U.S. telecommunications industry has changed dramatically over recent decades, with consequences for research. Major changes over the past several decades have included the breakup of the Bell System, especially the 19…